• 强大的艺术留学服务体系
  • 精英艺术导师,助力学员成功实现能力进
  • 打造专业的时尚艺术留学作品集教育机构

400-663-3380

进阶金属工艺课程深度解析:珐琅/錾刻/木纹金三大工艺系统教学指南

进阶金属工艺课程深度解析:珐琅/錾刻/木纹金三大工艺系统教学指南

授课机构: 青岛野生国际艺术留学

上课地点: 校区地址

成交/评价:

联系电话: 400-663-3380

进阶金属工艺课程深度解析:珐琅/錾刻/木纹金三大工艺系统教学指南课程详情

进阶金属工艺课程:三大经典工艺的系统学习与创作实践

课程核心:三大工艺的融合与表达

在珠宝设计领域,金属工艺的表现力直接决定了作品的独特性。进阶金属工艺课程特别精选珐琅、錾刻、木纹金三种经典工艺,将其整合为一套系统教学方案。珐琅的色彩层次、錾刻的纹样细节、木纹金的结构张力,这三者不仅能独立呈现艺术美感,更能通过工艺叠加创造出更丰富的视觉语言——无论是个人情感的具象化表达,还是品牌调性的符号化传递,都能在这套课程中找到实践路径。

八天的学习周期中,学员将从基础原理入手,逐步掌握工具使用、纹样设计与综合创作。不同于单一工艺的碎片化学习,课程强调“工艺联动思维”:例如,在完成錾刻纹样后,可通过珐琅填色提升色彩丰富度;木纹金的层叠结构则能为錾刻提供更立体的基底。这种融合式教学,让学员的创作视野从“单一工艺实现”升级为“多工艺协同表达”。

金工工艺操作场景

谁适合学习这门金工课程?

课程设计充分考虑不同学习背景的需求,以下四类人群均可找到适配的学习目标:

  • 热爱珠宝设计与时尚文化的爱好者:即使没有任何金工基础,也能通过八天学习掌握三种工艺的核心技巧,完成从“观赏者”到“创作者”的转变;
  • 首饰工艺零基础学习者:课程设置“原理讲解-工具熟悉-分步练习”的渐进式教学,确保每个操作环节都有导师一对一指导,降低入门门槛;
  • 珠宝专业学生与独立设计师:针对已有基础的学员,课程增加“创意纹样设计”“工艺叠加实验”等进阶内容,帮助突破技术瓶颈,提升作品原创性;
  • 备考设计大赛/留学考研的大学生:课程特别强化“作品集素材积累”环节,导师会根据学员目标方向(如竞赛主题、院校风格)提供针对性指导,助力作品脱颖而出。
学员作品展示

八天课程大纲:从基础到创作的全流程覆盖

课程采用“理论+实操+创作”三位一体教学模式,每天设置明确学习目标,确保知识吸收与技能提升同步进行:

阶段:平面錾刻工艺入门(第1-2天)

首日重点讲解平面錾刻原理与工具特性,通过“示范-模仿-纠错”三步法掌握基础走线技巧;次日进入创意纹路训练,导师会根据学员审美偏好指导设计个性化纹样(如自然花卉、几何抽象等),并现场调整工具力度与角度,确保纹样清晰有层次。

第二阶段:浮雕与木纹金工艺突破(第3-4天)

第三天聚焦浮雕錾刻,通过对比平面与浮雕的受力差异,学习如何通过多层錾刻塑造立体效果;第四天转入木纹金工艺,从金属叠锻原理到层纹控制技巧,学员将完成基础木纹金片制作,并尝试设计简单镶口结构,为后续综合创作打基础。

第三阶段:珐琅工艺深度实践(第5-6天)

第五天系统学习掐丝珐琅:从铜丝塑形到釉料填充,导师会演示不同色彩的烧制效果差异,并指导学员根据纹样主题选择釉料组合;第六天转向画珐琅创作,重点练习笔刷控制与色彩过渡,学员可尝试在之前完成的錾刻或木纹金作品上进行彩绘,体验跨工艺装饰的魅力。

第四阶段:综合创作与精修(第7-8天)

最后两天进入自由创作环节,学员需整合前六天所学工艺,完成一件主题性作品(如“自然之韵”“城市记忆”等)。导师会全程跟踪指导,从结构合理性(如金属厚度与佩戴舒适度)到工艺衔接细节(如錾刻纹路与珐琅色彩的呼应)逐一优化,确保每件作品都能达到可展示级水平。

课程实操场景

学习这门课能获得什么?

除了掌握三种核心工艺的操作技能,课程更注重培养“金属工艺思维”:

  1. 工艺选择能力:根据设计主题快速判断最适配的工艺组合(如需要强色彩表现选珐琅,需要肌理细节选錾刻);
  2. 问题解决能力:针对创作中出现的工艺缺陷(如珐琅崩裂、錾刻错位),能独立分析原因并调整操作;
  3. 设计创新能力:通过多工艺叠加实践,突破单一工艺的表达限制,形成个人独特的设计语言。

无论是想将金工作为兴趣延伸,还是以专业设计师为职业目标,这门课程都能为您的创作之路提供扎实的技术支撑与灵感启发。

青岛野生国际艺术留学

青岛野生国际艺术留学
认证 7 年

成立: 2006年

认证 地址认证 教学保障 在线预约 到店体验 售后支持
基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-04 16:48:35 HTTP/1.1 GET : http://www.edudw.com/s/3238/c/46999.html
  2. 运行时间 : 1.305826s [ 吞吐率:0.77req/s ] 内存消耗:390.76kb 文件加载:136
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  1. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/public/index.php ( 0.79 KB )
  2. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/autoload.php ( 0.75 KB )
  3. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/autoload_real.php ( 1.63 KB )
  4. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/platform_check.php ( 0.90 KB )
  5. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php ( 15.99 KB )
  6. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/composer/autoload_static.php ( 4.26 KB )
  7. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper.php ( 8.34 KB )
  8. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/helper.php ( 2.19 KB )
  9. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/helper.php ( 1.47 KB )
  10. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/stubs/load_stubs.php ( 0.16 KB )
  11. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Exception.php ( 1.69 KB )
  12. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Facade.php ( 2.71 KB )
  13. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/deprecation-contracts/function.php ( 0.99 KB )
  14. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php ( 8.26 KB )
  15. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php ( 9.78 KB )
  16. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/Resources/functions/dump.php ( 1.49 KB )
  17. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/App.php ( 15.30 KB )
  18. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Container.php ( 15.76 KB )
  19. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/container/src/ContainerInterface.php ( 1.02 KB )
  20. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/provider.php ( 0.19 KB )
  21. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Http.php ( 6.04 KB )
  22. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Str.php ( 7.29 KB )
  23. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Env.php ( 4.68 KB )
  24. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/common.php ( 10.83 KB )
  25. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/helper.php ( 18.78 KB )
  26. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Config.php ( 5.54 KB )
  27. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/app.php ( 1.29 KB )
  28. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Env.php ( 1.67 KB )
  29. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/cache.php ( 1.22 KB )
  30. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/config.php ( 0.26 KB )
  31. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/console.php ( 0.29 KB )
  32. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/cookie.php ( 0.56 KB )
  33. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/database.php ( 2.29 KB )
  34. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/filesystem.php ( 0.63 KB )
  35. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/lang.php ( 0.81 KB )
  36. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/log.php ( 1.37 KB )
  37. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/middleware.php ( 0.19 KB )
  38. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/route.php ( 1.54 KB )
  39. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/session.php ( 0.57 KB )
  40. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/trace.php ( 0.34 KB )
  41. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/config/view.php ( 0.81 KB )
  42. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/event.php ( 0.25 KB )
  43. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Event.php ( 7.67 KB )
  44. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/service.php ( 0.13 KB )
  45. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/AppService.php ( 0.26 KB )
  46. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Service.php ( 1.64 KB )
  47. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Lang.php ( 7.35 KB )
  48. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/lang/zh-cn.php ( 13.70 KB )
  49. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/Error.php ( 3.31 KB )
  50. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/RegisterService.php ( 1.33 KB )
  51. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/services.php ( 0.14 KB )
  52. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/PaginatorService.php ( 1.52 KB )
  53. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ValidateService.php ( 0.99 KB )
  54. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ModelService.php ( 2.04 KB )
  55. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Service.php ( 0.77 KB )
  56. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Middleware.php ( 6.72 KB )
  57. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/BootService.php ( 0.77 KB )
  58. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Paginator.php ( 11.86 KB )
  59. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/Validate.php ( 63.20 KB )
  60. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Model.php ( 23.55 KB )
  61. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Attribute.php ( 21.05 KB )
  62. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/AutoWriteData.php ( 4.20 KB )
  63. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 6.75 KB )
  64. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/DbConnect.php ( 5.16 KB )
  65. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/ModelEvent.php ( 2.33 KB )
  66. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/RelationShip.php ( 28.30 KB )
  67. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Arrayable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  68. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Jsonable.php ( 0.13 KB )
  69. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/contract/Modelable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  70. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Db.php ( 2.88 KB )
  71. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/DbManager.php ( 8.52 KB )
  72. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Log.php ( 6.28 KB )
  73. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Manager.php ( 3.92 KB )
  74. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerTrait.php ( 2.69 KB )
  75. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerInterface.php ( 2.71 KB )
  76. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cache.php ( 4.92 KB )
  77. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/psr/simple-cache/src/CacheInterface.php ( 4.71 KB )
  78. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Arr.php ( 17.45 KB )
  79. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/driver/Redis.php ( 6.94 KB )
  80. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/Driver.php ( 9.03 KB )
  81. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/CacheHandlerInterface.php ( 1.99 KB )
  82. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/Request.php ( 0.09 KB )
  83. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Request.php ( 55.78 KB )
  84. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/middleware.php ( 0.26 KB )
  85. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Pipeline.php ( 2.61 KB )
  86. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/TraceDebug.php ( 3.40 KB )
  87. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Route.php ( 23.73 KB )
  88. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleName.php ( 5.75 KB )
  89. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Domain.php ( 2.53 KB )
  90. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleGroup.php ( 22.43 KB )
  91. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Rule.php ( 26.95 KB )
  92. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleItem.php ( 9.78 KB )
  93. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/route/app.php ( 3.05 KB )
  94. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  95. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/dispatch/Controller.php ( 4.74 KB )
  96. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Dispatch.php ( 10.44 KB )
  97. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/controller/Index.php ( 33.26 KB )
  98. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Request.php ( 9.20 KB )
  99. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  100. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/app/model/IndexModel.php ( 19.95 KB )
  101. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Config.php ( 1.37 KB )
  102. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Cache.php ( 2.06 KB )
  103. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/facade/Db.php ( 0.93 KB )
  104. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/connector/Mysql.php ( 5.73 KB )
  105. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/PDOConnection.php ( 53.74 KB )
  106. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Connection.php ( 8.39 KB )
  107. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/ConnectionInterface.php ( 4.57 KB )
  108. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/builder/Mysql.php ( 16.58 KB )
  109. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Builder.php ( 24.07 KB )
  110. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseBuilder.php ( 27.50 KB )
  111. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Query.php ( 15.97 KB )
  112. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseQuery.php ( 45.13 KB )
  113. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TimeFieldQuery.php ( 7.43 KB )
  114. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/AggregateQuery.php ( 3.26 KB )
  115. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  116. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  117. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  118. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  119. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  120. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  121. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  122. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  123. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  124. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  125. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  126. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  127. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  128. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  129. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
  130. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/View.php ( 4.39 KB )
  131. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/view/driver/Php.php ( 6.44 KB )
  132. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  133. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_course_details.php ( 6.12 KB )
  134. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_top.php ( 5.76 KB )
  135. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/view/index/pc/school_bottom.php ( 1.16 KB )
  136. /data/web/baijiao_branch_collect/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000420s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=baijiao_branch_collect;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school` [ RunTime:0.001561s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school` WHERE `school_id` = '3238' AND `site_id` = 2 AND `school_status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_class` [ RunTime:0.000904s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_class` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_campus` [ RunTime:0.000848s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_campus` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 [ RunTime:0.000372s ]
  8. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_course` [ RunTime:0.000957s ]
  9. SELECT `a`.*,`content` FROM `fqi_school_course` `a` LEFT JOIN `fqi_school_course_content` `b` ON `b`.`content_id`=`a`.`content_id` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 AND `a`.`content_id` = '46999' AND `course_status` = 1 AND `school_status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.040340s ]
  10. (select content_id,course_name from fqi_school_course where school_id = '3238' and content_id < '46999' and site_id = '2' order by content_id desc limit 1) union all(select content_id,course_name from fqi_school_course where school_id = '3238' and content_id > '46999' and site_id <= '2' order by content_id asc limit 1) [ RunTime:0.023079s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_course` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 AND `site_id` = 2 AND `course_status` = 1 AND `school_status` = 1 AND `school_class_id` = 12209 ORDER BY `course_id` DESC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.046879s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `fqi_school_course` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 AND `site_id` = 2 AND `course_status` = 1 AND `school_status` = 1 ORDER BY `course_id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000564s ]
  13. SELECT COUNT(*) AS think_count FROM `fqi_school_course` WHERE `school_id` = 3238 AND `course_status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  14. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_teacher` [ RunTime:0.001159s ]
  15. SELECT COUNT(*) AS think_count FROM `fqi_school_teacher` WHERE `school_id` = '3238' [ RunTime:0.000305s ]
  16. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fqi_school_comments` [ RunTime:0.001496s ]
  17. SELECT COUNT(*) AS think_count FROM `fqi_school_comments` WHERE `school_id` = '3238' [ RunTime:0.006171s ]
  18. SELECT `content_id`,`course_name`,`a`.`school_id`,`b`.`school_name` FROM `fqi_school_course` `a` LEFT JOIN `fqi_school` `b` ON `b`.`school_id`=`a`.`school_id` WHERE `a`.`site_id` = '2' AND `b`.`school_status` = '1' AND `course_status` = 1 AND `course_id` < '46999' ORDER BY `content_id` DESC LIMIT 20 [ RunTime:1.171175s ]
1.309253s